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Some Facts About The Harmonic Distortion Specification Of Wireless Speakers
In this editorial, I am going to highlight the spec "total harmonic distortion", often also called "THD" which is often used to describe the performance of wireless speakers.
Looking for the perfect type from the huge number of models, you might have a difficult time comprehending some of the technical jargon and specs which you will see in the specs of the latest wireless surround sound speakers. THD is frequently not as easily understood as some other frequently utilized specs such as "signal-to-noise ratio" or "frequency response".
THD is expressed either in percent or in decibel and shows how much the signal that the loudspeaker outputs differs from the music signal which is fed into the speaker. A -20 dB or 10% distortion means that one tenth of the radiated sound is a result of distortion whilst -40 dB or 1% would mean that one percent of the energy are harmonic products of the original signal.
A wireless loudspeaker really has a number of components that add to harmonic distortion. One of these is the built-in power amplifier. This amplifier is driving the speaker element. The amp itself will have a certain level of distortion. Typically the distortion of the amplifier will be bigger the more output power it supplies to the speaker. In general producers will publish amplifier distortion based on a specific amount of power, generally a lot less than the rated maximum amp output power.
Having amplifier distortion specs for several output power levels provides a better picture of the amp distortion performance.Customarily distortion is measured with a 1 kHz test tone. Nevertheless, amplifier distortion is going to commonly increase with increasing frequency, particularly in digital class-D models.
Another element causing distortion is the speaker element that generally operates with a diaphragm which carries a voicecoil that is suspended in a magnetic field. The coil is going to track the magnetic field that is controlled by the music signal to move the diaphragm. Yet, this movement is not completely linear. As such the result is distortion caused by the speaker element. Most suppliers will exhibit harmonic distortion based on the power level since usually the higher the speaker is driven the bigger the level of distortion.
The overall distortion of the speaker therefore is the sum total of the amp distortion in addition to the loudspeaker element distortion. Furthermore, there are different contributing factors. Depending on the material used to manufacture the speaker housing, there will be vibrations or box resonances. These typically depend on the sound pressure level, the enclosure shape, the enclosure fabric and audio frequency. For that reason additional audio distortion will be brought about by the box itself.
In order to figure out the overall distortion of a loudspeaker, a signal generator is used which provides an ultra-linear signal to the speaker and also a measurement microphone that is connected to an audio analyzer to calculate the amount of harmonics radiated by the loudspeaker. An additional distortion measurement method which gives a better analysis of the loudspeaker performance with real-world signals is known as interharmonic distortion analysis. This method outputs 2 signals at different frequencies and measures the amount of harmonics at different frequencies.
Cordless speakers are going to also have some level of distortion during the audio transmission. The level of distortion will depend on the type of cordless transmission technique along with the quality of components. Generally 900 MHz FM transmitters have among the highest level of distortion. More advanced types use digital audio transmission. Normally these transmitters operate at 2.4 GHz or 5.8 GHz.
Audio Technica 3000 Series Wireless Microphone System
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